Function of Solar Cells:

Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are the fundamental building blocks of solar panels. They convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. These cells are essential in solar energy systems, providing clean and renewable energy for various applications.

Solar cells by type and specification

POLY SOLAR CELLS

Size: 157mm×157mm±0.25 mm
Thinkness: 180μm±20μm
Front(-):0.55±0.1mm wide bus bars, Blue silicon nitride AR coating, silver busbars.
Back(+) 1.65±0.25mm wide soldering pads(silver) backface Back surface field (aluminum)

MONO PERC M2

Size: 156.75x156.75mm
Thinkness: 160μm±20μm
Front(-)5×0.7mm straight section barbus, Blue SiNx anti-reflecting coating
Back(+) Full aluminum cover on the back; 5×1.7mm segmented back electrode

MONO PERC G1

Size: 158.75x158.75mm
Thinkness: 160μm±20μm
Front(-)5×0.7mm straight section barbus, Blue SiNx anti-reflecting coating
Back(+) Full aluminum cover on the back; 5×1.7mm segmented back electrode 8

MONO PERC M6

Size: 166x166mm
Thinkness: 160μm±20μm
Front(-)9×0.08mm straight section barbus, Blue SiNx anti-reflecting coating
Back(+) 1.6mm±0.05mm aluminum busbar mosaic 6 segments and 1.7mm siliver pad

MONO PERC M10

Size: 182mm×182mmm(φ247mm)
Thinkness: 165μm±17.5μm
Front(-): Silicon oxide + blue silicon nitride compound anti-reflection coating(PID Free);Half- cut design;
Back(+) : Passivated layer (AlOx and SiNx) and Rear Contact (Al)

MONO PERC M12

Size: 210mm×210mmm(φ295mm)
Thinkness: 165μm±17.5μm
Front(-): Silicon oxide + blue silicon nitride compound anti-reflection coating(PID Free);Half- cut design;
Back(+) : Passivated layer (AlOx and SiNx) and Rear Contact (Al).

TOPCON M10

Size: 182.2×182.2±0.5mm（φ247mm±0.5mm）
Thinkness: 130μm±13μm
Front(-)16*0.05±0.035 mm
Back(+) 16*0.05±0.035 mm

TOPCON 210R

Size: 210mmX182mm±0.25mm， φ 272mm
Thinkness: 130μm±13μm
Front(-)16BB, 14pads, 168 fingers Barbus wide0.03±0.02 mm
Back(+) 16BB, 14pads, 192 fingers Barbus wide 0.03±0.02 mm

TOPCON M12

Size: 210mmX210mm±0.5mm ， φ 295mm±0.5mm
Thinkness: 130μm±13μm
Front(-)18BB, 14pads, 168 fingers Barbus wide0.03±0.02 mm
Back(+) 18BB, 14pads, 192 fingers Barbus wide 0.03±0.02 mm

BC SOLAR CELL M6

Size: 166mmx166mm， φ 233mm±0.5mm
Thinkness: 150μm±13μm
Front(+):No Gird, Blue anti-reflective coating (aluminium oxide + silicon nitride)
Back(-) :16BB Busbars(silver), N Area 182±30 finger,P Area 182±30 fingers, Blue (dark blue) anti-reflective coating (aluminium oxide + silicon nitride)

BC SOLAR CELL M10

Size: 182.2mm*183.75mm±0.25mm，Φ256mm±0.25mm
Thinkness: 150±13μm
Front(-): No Gird, Blue anti-reflective coating (aluminium oxide + silicon nitride)
Back(+): 18BB Busbars(silver), N Area 202±30 finger,P Area 202±30 fingers, Blue (dark blue) anti-reflective coating (aluminium oxide + silicon nitride)

BC SOLAR CELL M12R

Size: 210mmX210mm±0.5mm ， φ 295mm±0.5mm
Thinkness: 130μm±13μm
Front(-)18BB, 14pads, 168 fingers Barbus wide0.03±0.02 mm
Back(+) 18BB, 14pads, 192 fingers Barbus wide 0.03±0.02 mm

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All You Need To Know About BC Solar Cells

What is the BC solar cells?

BC Solar Cells (Back Contact Solar Cells) represent a next-generation photovoltaic technology in which all electrical contacts are integrated on the rear side of the cell. By completely eliminating front-side busbars and gridlines, BC cells maximize active light-receiving area, significantly reducing optical losses and achieving superior conversion efficiency. This advanced back-contact design delivers a uniform, completely black appearance, making BC cells ideal for high-end residential rooftops and architecturally integrated solar applications. In addition to their aesthetic advantages, BC solar cells offer enhanced energy yield, particularly under partial shading and low-light conditions, ensuring stable and reliable performance. With their combination of ultra-high efficiency, premium appearance, and excellent real-world performance, BC solar cells stand at the forefront of high-efficiency solar technology for both residential and commercial installations.

Key Features & Benefits of BC Solar cells!

-Ultra-High Efficiency
By relocating all metal contacts to the rear side, BC solar cells eliminate front-side shading losses, allowing more photons to reach the silicon surface. This results in significantly higher energy conversion efficiency, surpassing conventional PERC and TOPCon technologies.
-Premium All-Black Appearance
The grid-free front surface creates a perfectly uniform, deep-black aesthetic. This clean and modern design makes BC cells especially attractive for high-end residential rooftops and architecturally demanding projects.
-Enhanced Energy Yield & Reliability
Improved light absorption translates into higher power output, while optimized rear-side interconnections reduce mechanical and thermal stress. The result is greater durability, long-term stability, and superior performance—even under partial shading conditions.
-Advanced Cell Architecture
BC technology is typically paired with N-type silicon substrates and advanced passivation methods such as IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact), delivering outstanding efficiency, low degradation, and long service life.

How many Type of BC Solar cells!

Main Types of BC Solar Cells
1. IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact)
The foundational back-contact cell design, featuring interdigitated metal fingers on the rear surface. By removing all front-side metallization, IBC cells achieve high efficiency and a clean, uniform appearance.
2. HPBC (Hybrid Passivated Back Contact)
A hybrid structure that combines IBC architecture with passivated contact concepts derived from TOPCon technology. Often implemented on P-type silicon substrates, HPBC offers a balance of high efficiency, cost competitiveness, and premium all-black aesthetics.
3. TBC (TOPCon Back Contact)
This design integrates TOPCon’s advanced passivation layers with a back-contact layout, typically using N-type silicon. TBC cells deliver excellent efficiency potential, low degradation, and strong scalability for mass production.
4. HBC (Heterojunction Back Contact)
The most advanced BC variant, merging heterojunction (HJT) technology with a back-contact structure. By utilizing thin amorphous silicon layers for superior surface passivation, HBC cells offer the highest theoretical efficiency potential, representing the cutting edge of photovoltaic cell development.
In summary, IBC forms the core back-contact concept, while HPBC, TBC, and HBC represent evolutionary hybrid designs that combine BC architecture with TOPCon or HJT technologies to push efficiency and performance to new levels.

How to reduce BC cell production costs?

1. Silver Consumption

In BC solar cells, all electrodes are located on the rear side, requiring charge carriers to travel across the entire cell thickness to reach the contacts. This results in relatively higher internal resistance compared with TOPCon cells. To mitigate this, thicker rear-side silver gridlines are needed, leading to increased silver paste usage.
According to PV Infolink data, current BC cells consume approximately 13 mg/W of silver, which is 2–3 mg/W higher than that of TOPCon cells. Looking ahead, the adoption of advanced rear-side metallization technologies such as OBB (One Busbar / Optical Busbar) structures is expected to significantly reduce silver consumption in BC cells.

2. Production Yield

The rear interdigitated electrode structure of BC cells requires 2–3 laser grooving processes, placing high demands on equipment precision, stability, and process maturity. Laser-induced leakage remains a key bottleneck limiting yield performance.
In addition, the crossed rear-electrode layout necessitates corresponding adjustments in solder ribbon design, interconnection, and module packaging processes, which further impacts overall yield. Currently, mainstream TOPCon manufacturers have achieved cell yields exceeding 99%, while BC cell yields remain at approximately 95%.

3. Equipment Investment

Compared with TOPCon, BC cell manufacturing requires additional high-precision laser grooving and metallization equipment to form the complex rear finger structures. As BC technology has not yet reached full maturity, equipment localization and large-scale cost optimization are still limited.
As a result, the current capital expenditure for BC cell production lines remains relatively high, with CAPEX of approximately RMB 300 million per GW, exceeding that of TOPCon production lines.

What can we do in BC solar field?

In addition to supplying BC solar cells, we also offer retrofitting services for legacy production lines. We provide comprehensive turnkey solutions for BC solar modules, including adhesive/tin coating and threading, mechanical cutting, and busbar welding (our welding equipment is compatible with cells from manufacturers such as Longi and AIKO).

Frequently asked questions

What types of solar cells does ZOEAST PV supply?

ZOEAST PV supplies N-type TOPCon cells (M10, 210R and M12 formats), BC back-contact cells, MONO PERC cells (M2, G1, M6, M10 and M12) and polycrystalline cells, all with full electrical and EL test data.

What is a BC (back-contact) solar cell?

A BC solar cell moves both positive and negative contacts to the rear side, so no busbars shade the front surface. This raises the light-receiving area and efficiency, and gives a uniform appearance that is preferred for BIPV and premium residential modules.

What cell sizes are available?

Standard formats include 156.75 x 156.75 mm (M2), 158.75 x 158.75 mm (G1), 166 x 166 mm (M6), 182 x 182 mm (M10), 182 x 210 mm (210R) and 210 x 210 mm (M12). Wafer thickness ranges from 130 to 180 micrometres depending on the technology.

How are ZOEAST solar cells tested before shipment?

Each batch is tested for current-voltage characteristics and electroluminescence, and is sorted into narrow power and current bins so that strings in the finished module match closely. Test reports travel with the shipping documents.

Can ZOEAST supply cells for a new module line?

Yes. ZOEAST supports module factories starting a new TOPCon or BC line with cell selection, bill-of-materials advice for ribbon, encapsulant and glass, and process parameter guidance for soldering and lamination.

Still need the exact specification? Send your inquiry to the ZOEAST PV team and we will reply with datasheets, MOQ and lead time.

About this page

Written and reviewed by Zoeast PV Editorial Team at ZOEAST PV CO., LTD, based on factory test data from the Yixing, Jiangsu production lines. Published December 2, 2024, last updated October 29, 2026. Questions and corrections: sales@zoeastpv.com.